Did you know the US Coast Guard has been doing this using a Model 1903 Springfield Rifle bored out to smoothbore for about the last 60 years? The “U.S. Coast Guard Shoulder Fired Line Throwing Gun” [gun, not rifle, due to the removal of the lands] was developed and adopted by the USCG in the 1940’s. Supposedly they tested modified M1903’s and M1917’s for this use [I only ever saw M1903’s & believe the M1917’s never went into service].
An observation, the M1903 guns using the .30-06 grenade cartridge handily outperformed the cute little break action guns the navy used; however it is patently untrue that the Coasties would sometimes that by position, wind, and weather placed navy vessels in a disadvantageous position and when failure had occurred would cast themselves into the ‘breech’ and successfully send a line in return. —We just wouldn’t do that.
It is satisfying to see the other service has belatedly ‘caught up’; although the aught six grenade cartridge likely still shades the 7.62x51 NATO cartridge by a bit.